However, cells of fighters have continued to carry out small-scale suicide attacks on civilians, often using abducted children to carry explosives. Elements of leadership dispersed westward into Gombe, Yobe and Bauchi States leaving the overall force without a central command structure. Following the destruction of their Sambisa Forest headquarters in December 2016, Boko Haram have been in a state of relative disorder and decline. Based in Borno State, Boko Haram’s activities gained worldwide notice in April 2014 following the kidnapping of the ‘Chibok Girls.’ Military operations throughout 20 saw the liberation of a number of urban areas as well as an overall decrease in the land area under Boko Haram control. Following a number of successful of offensives throughout 2011 until their peak influence in late 2014, Boko Haram held a presence in all countries surrounding the Lake Chad basin, an area of nearly 50,000 sq. This figure declined over the short term, averaging 325 events per year through 2016-2017.
Violent activity reached a high point in 2015, with 456 events. Since 2009, events involving the Abubakar Shekau-led group have numbered more than 2,350 and have been linked to more than 27,000 fatalities. Boko Haram is West Africa’s most active and lethal actor.
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